For many people beginning their fertility treatment journey, artificial insemination—also known as intrauterine insemination (IUI)—is often one of the first options recommended. It’s a less invasive process compared to in vitro fertilization (IVF) and can be a good choice for couples or individuals facing certain challenges with natural conception.
Intrauterine Insemination: Step by Step
Initial evaluation and tailored treatment
The IUI journey starts with a personalized evaluation with your fertility specialist. At this stage, potential causes of infertility are reviewed to determine if IUI is the right approach. It’s often recommended in cases of mild infertility, such as cervical issues or when using sperm donation, as it requires a less invasive procedure.
Ovarian Stimulation and Monitoring
Your doctor may recommend mild ovarian stimulation based on your situation. To stimulate egg production, medications like clomiphene citrate or gonadotropins may be used.
Ultrasound monitoring is done regularly during this phase to track follicle growth (follicles contain eggs) and pinpoint the exact timing of ovulation, which is when an egg is released and can meet a sperm cell. This monitoring ensures the insemination is done at the optimal time for success.
Sperm Sample Preparation
On the day of the procedure, a sperm sample—whether from a partner or donor—is collected and processed in the lab through a technique called “sperm capacitation.” This method selects the healthiest, most motile sperm, increasing the chances of success.
Insemination Procedure
The insemination process itself is quick and virtually painless. The doctor inserts a thin catheter into the uterus to place the sperm in the optimal location, giving it the best chance to reach the egg and achieve fertilization. This is done in the doctor’s office and doesn’t require anesthesia or significant recovery time.
Waiting and Pregnancy Confirmation
Following the insemination, there’s a “two-week wait” period. It’s best to rest and avoid strenuous activity during this time while potential implantation occurs. After two weeks, a pregnancy test will determine if the procedure was successful.
IUI Success Rates
The success rate of IUI depends on various factors, including age, cause of infertility, and overall reproductive health. On average, success rates for women under 35 range from 10% to 20% per cycle. Though these rates are lower than IVF, IUI is often the first step before considering more complex treatments, especially for those who prefer to try less invasive options.
To optimize results, some doctors recommend repeating the IUI up to three cycles before considering other alternatives. This can vary based on individual cases and the doctor’s assessment.
How Does IUI Compare to In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)?
- Procedure Complexity: IUI is much less invasive, as it doesn’t require egg retrieval or direct embryo manipulation. IVF, however, involves more intensive ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, lab fertilization, and embryo transfer back into the uterus.
- Cost: IUI is generally more affordable than IVF, as it doesn’t involve complex lab procedures or anesthesia, making it a more accessible option with a lower initial cost. However, it’s essential to confirm if it’s the right choice for each case. Many patients undergo multiple IUI attempts without success, leading to frustration and, in some cases, a cost comparable to IVF, which often includes more comprehensive reproductive techniques and higher success rates.
- Success Rates: IVF generally offers higher success rates, especially for complex infertility cases or individuals over 35. For example, the success rate per IVF cycle in women under 35 is around 40% or higher, compared to lower rates for IUI.
- Ideal Candidates: IUI is suitable for individuals with mild infertility issues or those considering sperm donation. IVF is recommended for those with more complex fertility issues, such as blocked fallopian tubes, poor sperm quality, or unexplained infertility after multiple IUI attempts.
Choosing the Best Option for You
Both IUI and IVF offer benefits and limitations, and choosing between them depends on each unique situation. When considering assisted reproduction options, it’s essential to discuss with your specialist the factors that influence your success rates and comfort with each procedure.
Pro Tip:
Many specialists suggest IVF with preimplantation genetic testing for those aiming to optimize success rates from the outset. This will reduce the risk of inherited conditions and improve long-term success rates.
If you’re considering IUI as your first step toward parenthood, a comprehensive fertility evaluation is essential. At Nascere, we’re dedicated to providing accurate, personalized diagnoses, ensuring each treatment is based on a complete understanding of our patients’ reproductive health. Before beginning any procedure, we conduct a detailed assessment to maximize success rates, offering a clear and effective path tailored to each case